Ekonomika

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..
This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.
The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

The Impact of the Institutional Environment on the Economic Development  1.61 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 39

Today the ability to adapt to the constant and rapidly changing environment conditions is becoming the main factor of the success of the health care system Integration into the international area, globalization, and information processes in the society motivate to take strategic actions. Therefore, during the last decades the strategic management and more constructive application of its potential became the most important innovation in private and public sectors. In order to solve the strategic management problems the authors advise to create the model of the strategic management of the Lithuanian health care system. The analysis of the strategic management concept revealed that today the focus ist on the strategy implementation in the strategic management process. Successfully implemented strategy creates a competitive advantage for organizations. Therefore, the proper development of the strategic management process in health care system would have an impact on the development of health care system sector, as well as on the strategic management system of the whole Lithuanian economy. Then ultimate aim of the research is to form strategic management model of the Lithuanian health care system.. In the article the entire spectrum of methods of scientific and special research such as logical analysis and summarization of scientific material, systematic, comparative analysis was used. The structure of the article is the following: methodological assumptions are presented, and according to these assumptions Lithuanian health care system’s strategic management model is prepared and presented as well as reasons for the practical application of this model are presented.
Scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research are the following – the strategic management model of the Lithuanian health care system, which is focused on the meeting of health needs of patients and potential clients, is prepared. The scientific results of the given article can also be used to develop the strategic actions for state and public institutions, which have an impact on the management of the health care system.

The Process of the Strategic Management Model Formation and Application in the Lithuanian Health Care System  1.98 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 50

European Union social policy is a popular subject of research in the academic circles and is an important topic for its every member state and its citizens. The formation of a common social policy in the EU has an interesting history and related issues, thus this article is an attempt to find out why certain difficulties are encountered in the integration of social affairs, and to offer certain l suggestions for their l improvement. The aim of this study is to reveal the problems encountered in the formation of common EU social policy in the context of its development. The article presents some analysis of the history of the development of the European Community to determine the position of the goal to have a common social policy in the integration processes and the attention is given to the examination of the variety of social policy models in the EU member states as one of the problems of the integration of social policy. Furthermore, using an analysis of the academic literature, this article evaluates the main social policy management-coordination measure – the Open Method of Coordination, and presents the arguments highlighting its inefficiency , comments on its structure and organisation, and suggests the ways of improving this method.

Problems in the Formation of Common EU Social Policy  1.66 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 31

The article analyses the problem of human/intellectual capital in the context of the integration of an individual into the labour market, the role of human capital in the activity of enterprises (organizations). According to the information of the Department of Statistics on adult education,
and data of sociological research (results of the research of employers and graduates working in their enterprises) the development of human capital, the need and the investment possibilities are assessed in Lithuania.

The Need and the Possibilities of the Human Capital Development: Assessment of Employers and Graduates of Higher Education Institutions  1.61 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 36

What are the unique circumstances that allow innovations in an economy to take hold and mature into productive business sectors? We pose the given question in our discussion of the uncommonly favorable circumstances surrounding the biotechnology sector in Lithuania. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Lithuania’s ability to expand its economy during a time of crisis, focusing on its unique ability to innovate in such sectors as biotechnology.
Our primary hypothesis is as follows: Lithuanian biotechnology sector is expanding because business clusters have been established. Drawing upon Schumpeter’s ideas of innovation and Porter’s business cluster theory, we argue that Lithuania is “at the right place and the right time” to make itself a regional leader in biotechnology. We draw upon the world-systems theory to argue that biotechnology is one means whereby Lithuania can rise in the global core-periphery hierarchy.

Business Clusters and the Potential of the Biotechnology Sector in Lithuania  892.61 KB

Jau parsisiuntė: 34

This paper is an attempt to investigate the causes of the recurrent decline in the equity market in the period of the last fifteen years in Lithuania. Empirical methods are used to establish a correlation between such factors as inflation, interest rates, etc. and the equity market decline as well as to determine the most decisive factor that may produce the said result. Major findings of this article are as follows: (1) the Lithuanian equity market decline coincides with the increase in the interest rates and the current account deficit; (2) they can be triggered by financial crises in other countries which maintain close trade relations with Lithuania; (3) movements of the Lithuanian equity market can depend on psychological factors.

The Lithuanian Equity Market in 1993–2008: Reasons for its Decline  1.1 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 34

This paper deals with the analysis of a relevant issue, regarding the liberalisation of the fixed telephone communication. The paper also deals with the characteristic features of monopoly markets, evaluates market power, both before liberalisation of fixed telephone communication and following the removal of monopoly powers. The paper includes an extensive discussion of the evaluation of barriers preventing entry in the market. It also determines the market power of Lietuvos telekomas (Teo LT AB) fixed telephone communication, based on various market concentration indicators. The purpose of the article is to present the analysis of the liberalization of the fixed telephone communication market in Lithuania and to reveal the inter-coherence of theoretical and practical elements of the liberalization.

Analysis of the Liberalization of the Fixed Telephone Communication Market in Lithuania  2.11 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 34

Organizational culture has a significant impact on the organization members’ life and in general it helps a company to achieve positive financial results. Organizational culture is very important in achieving internal integration and implementation of the strategy of adaptation in the external environment. Therefore a lot of companies explore their organizational culture and leaders, if needed, seek consciously to form, develop and change organizational culture.
The aim of the article is to analyze the theoretical attitudes towards organizational culture change, to present research results of furniture manufacturing company‘s organizational culture, to describe the aspects that had impact on the organizational culture change and the matrix of organizational culture management.
The object of the research is factors that have impact on the organizational culture change.
Methods of research: analysis and generalization of literature, opinion survey of organization members by means of the designed questionnaire and in-depth interview as well as comparative analysis.
Results of the research show that organizational culture change during 2006–2008 can be described as the movement from the “hierarchy” type towards “adhocracy” type and the main factors that had made impact on the organizational culture change were persons from outside incorporated in the organization and the installation of new technology. The main conclusion of the article is that it is important to establish and ensure continuous monitoring of the organizational culture, to estimate factors that have impact on the organizational culture change and to establish the matrix of organizational culture management in order to manage organizational culture in the right direction.

Factors of Organizational Culture Change  1.11 MB

Jau parsisiuntė: 47

The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical model of the establishment of the value created to an enterprise by consumers, which would allow a complex measuring of the benefit of the exchange of relationships based on the totality of the features significant to the exchange of relationships. The problem of an increasing concern about with the form of the relationship exchange in the theoretical and practical context of marketing calls for the need to identify the specific features of the relationship exchange, which create the value of exchange with the consumer for the company. The concept of the relationship marketing dictates the measurement of the consumer valuation for the company not only in the financial and/or exchange duration variables, but also socio-emotional features of the exchange.
It can be argued that the methods of the assesment of the e consumer valuation for the company and the models, which they create, are not adapted to the specific marketing concept and exclude the features of value-generating exchange for the company, which are characteristic of that concept. The article aims at the substantiattion of the hypothesis that the concept of the marketing of relationships dictates the measuring of the value created to an enterprise by the consumers not only by means of the financial variable and / or the variable of the lack of exchange, but also the socioemotional features of the exchange. The following methodology has been applied to confirm the hypothesis: proceeding from the system analysis of the research, the main features of the relationships characteristic of the exchange, which are interpreted as the significant variables for the measurement of the value of exchange have been marked; the totality of the features is used to create a new model of the establishment of the value created to an enterprise by consumers needed to measure the return from the relationships, describing the criteria of selection of the variables and the principles of their calculation.

Consumer Valuation Model in the Context of Relationship Marketing  988.13 KB

Jau parsisiuntė: 37